The Maryland Department of Natural Resources (DNR) has confirmed cases of Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease (EHD) in the state’s white-tailed deer population. The disease, commonly found throughout the eastern United States, has been detected in multiple Maryland counties, with the most significant outbreak occurring in Carroll, Frederick, and Washington counties. Though EHD primarily affects deer, it poses no risk to humans.
EHD is a naturally occurring disease that affects white-tailed deer, and while it can occasionally affect domestic livestock, such cases are rare. The virus is transmitted through the bites of tiny flying midges, often referred to as “no-see-ums,” which are most active from mid-August through October. The disease is not spread through direct contact between deer and cannot be transmitted to humans. However, the DNR recommends hunters avoid consuming deer that have large open sores.
Widespread Outbreaks in Maryland
This year, EHD has been reported in Maryland counties on the Eastern Shore, in central and southern parts of the state, and as far west as Garrett County. Neighboring states, including Pennsylvania, Virginia, and West Virginia, have also documented cases of EHD in their deer populations.
According to the DNR, deer affected by the virus may display signs of lethargy, excessive salivation, and may lose their fear of humans. Hemorrhaging in the mouth and tongue, along with severe weight loss in animals that survive, are common symptoms. Deer are often found dead or dying near water sources during late summer and early fall, a typical indicator of an EHD outbreak.
Impact on Maryland’s Deer Population
Though EHD can be fatal to deer, Maryland’s healthy white-tailed deer population typically recovers from the disease. The state has experienced annual outbreaks of EHD, varying in intensity each year. While this year’s outbreak is significant, DNR officials emphasize that the overall deer population remains robust.
It is important to distinguish EHD from Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD), another fatal illness that affects deer. CWD has been documented in parts of western and central Maryland but is unrelated to EHD. EHD outbreaks tend to subside once colder temperatures arrive, as freezing weather kills off the midges responsible for spreading the virus.
Guidelines for Hunters and Outdoor Enthusiasts
The Maryland DNR advises hunters and outdoor enthusiasts to be cautious when encountering sick or recently deceased deer. They recommend avoiding direct contact with these animals and instead reporting their location to local or regional DNR wildlife offices. The agency also reminds hunters not to consume deer meat from animals with visible sores or signs of infection, regardless of the cause.
More information about EHD and Maryland’s white-tailed deer population can be found on the DNR website, where hunters and the public can access resources on the diseases and parasites affecting local deer. The DNR’s Wildlife and Heritage Service can also be contacted at 410-260-8540 for further details.
